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  • January’s Earthquake Month with Greenland, the Fed, and Japan’s Bond Wake-Up Call

January’s Earthquake Month with Greenland, the Fed, and Japan’s Bond Wake-Up Call

January is doing that thing where it tries to fit a whole decade into three weeks.

The U.S. flirted with a Greenland-sized fight with Europe, the Fed got dragged into a very public independence test, and Japan reminded everyone that easy money does not last forever.

Meanwhile, the real economy is still plugging along.

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The Big Picture

Global Supply Chains

America’s Energy Complex Eyes Its Next High-Risk Expansion

U.S. energy players are already sketching plans for terminals, storage, and export routes tied to Venezuelan crude.

The speed matters because infrastructure decisions lock in advantages long before barrels start moving at scale.

This is about control, not optimism. Firms that shape logistics early gain pricing power, contract leverage, and long-term relevance across the energy chain.

Refinery Math Starts To Look Friendlier

Venezuelan crude closely aligns with existing U.S. Gulf Coast refinery configurations, especially those built for heavy grades.

That compatibility reduces the need for costly upgrades while improving throughput and utilization rates.

For the broader U.S. economy, this lowers friction inside the fuel system. Stable inputs mean fewer surprises in diesel, jet fuel, and industrial energy pricing.

Supply Chains, Not Wells, Decide Influence

The bigger shift is structural.

Infrastructure investment pulls Venezuelan oil flows into U.S.-aligned networks, redirecting trade routes and weakening rival demand centers without overt confrontation.

This approach reshapes global energy balance quietly.

Ports, pipelines, and contracts do the work that production headlines usually get credit for, strengthening U.S. positioning through architecture rather than volume

Industrial Policy

The Next U.S. Growth Lever Is Buried In African Rock

The United States is moving decisively to reshape how it sources the minerals that underpin modern industry.

Africa is no longer a peripheral supplier but a central pillar in securing inputs for manufacturing, defense, and energy systems.

This shift reflects a broader U.S. realization that supply reliability matters as much as price. Minerals are being treated less like commodities and more like strategic infrastructure.

Industrial Policy Is Going Global

Access to African minerals directly influences the pace of U.S. factory investment, clean energy deployment, and defense production.

Batteries, semiconductors, aerospace components, and grid infrastructure all depend on inputs that remain tightly controlled upstream.

By deepening partnerships with mining nations, the U.S. reduces exposure to bottlenecks that can stall domestic growth.

This also lowers the risk of cost shocks that feed inflation through energy and manufacturing channels.

Africa Shapes America’s Cost Curve

What happens in African mining corridors increasingly determines U.S. competitiveness at home.

Stable mineral access helps anchor long-term capital spending by U.S. firms, while uncertainty forces companies to delay projects or absorb higher costs.

Over time, this engagement rewires trade flows.

Minerals moving through U.S.-aligned channels strengthen domestic supply chains, support reshoring efforts, and give policymakers more control over industrial outcomes without direct subsidies.

The result is quieter than a factory opening but more powerful. Control over inputs sets the ceiling for U.S. growth, productivity, and security in the next economic cycle.

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Manufacturing

U.S. Businesses Are Moving From Waiting To Building

U.S. businesses are no longer sitting on their hands.

Equipment orders are rising steadily, signaling that companies are shifting from caution to execution after a long stretch of policy uncertainty.

This matters because capital spending tends to precede hiring, output, and productivity.

When firms commit to equipment, they are implicitly betting that demand will hold and margins can support expansion.

Investment Is Narrow But Intentional

The rebound is not broad-based across every factory floor, but it is focused where returns are clearest.

Technology-linked manufacturing, automation, and advanced equipment continue to attract spending as companies prioritize efficiency over sheer scale.

Rather than chasing volume, firms are upgrading capability. That shift supports longer-term competitiveness even as parts of traditional manufacturing remain under pressure.

This Sets The Tone

Equipment spending directly drives growth by boosting productive capacity without relying on consumer credit or government stimulus.

It also helps explain why overall economic momentum has remained resilient despite uneven conditions across sectors.

More importantly, this kind of investment creates durability. Once machines are ordered and installed, the activity cannot be reversed overnight.

That anchors growth in future quarters and provides the economy with a buffer against shocks.

The takeaway is simple. Corporate America is no longer waiting for perfect clarity. It is being built anyway, which keeps the U.S. expansion alive.

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Metrics to Watch

  • Greenland Tariff Thermometer:
    Watch whether Europe shifts from angry statements to actual countermeasures. The difference between spicy talk and real retaliation is the difference between a quick dip and a longer mess.

  • Fed Independence Pulse:
    Track how the Powell investigation chatter evolves, and any legal or political guardrails getting tested. Markets can live with high rates, but they hate the idea of rules changing mid-game.

  • Japan Yield Ripple:
    Japanese yields popping higher matters because Japan is a giant global lender. If their money starts staying home, other countries may have to pay up to keep investors interested.

  • Housing Reality Check:
    Pending home sales just took a nasty drop, which is a good reminder that housing does not magically heal because someone says the word affordability on a stage in Davos. If contracts keep slipping, related stocks tend to lose their swagger fast.

  • Main Street Mood and Layoffs:
    Claims around 200k is still no panic territory, and consumer sentiment improved. If those two hold, the economy can keep moving even while the headlines try to pick a fight with everyone.

Market Movers

🧨 Geopolitics is Now a Price Factor Again
When the market sells stocks and the dollar together, it is not a normal risk-off day. It is more like, we are repricing trust.

That is when gold gets loud and volatility stops asking permission.

🏦 Rates are Not Just About Inflation Anymore
Japan’s bond shake-up and the Fed’s political heat both point to the same thing: investors may demand a little extra yield for the privilege of ignoring the chaos.

That is not fun for long-duration assets.

🧠 AI is the Engine, and also the Risk
The IMF basically said growth looks better, but if the AI trade gets questioned, the air pockets could show up fast.

This is why you want quality winners, not “AI-adjacent” hope stocks with vibes and no cash flow.

🏭 Industrial Optimism has a New Fine Print
Chips and factories sound great until tariffs and supply chains show up with receipts.

Manufacturing can look OK in the data while margins quietly get squeezed by higher input costs and trade friction. Keep an eye on who can pass prices and who cannot.

Market Impacts

Equities: Futures are starting the week in a grumpy mood, with the Dow down about 0.6% and Nasdaq futures off more than 1%.

Big earnings and a Fed decision in the same week is basically a stress test for optimism. The vibe is: earnings can be great, and stocks can still get sold if guidance is weird or rates feel sticky.

How to play it: Keep your “core” in companies that can survive a headline hangover (steady cash flow, pricing power).

If you’re going to swing at high-beta stuff, do it small enough that a random Tuesday doesn’t ruin your week.

Bonds: Yields are relatively steady into the Fed, with the 10-year hovering around the low 4.2% zone and the front end still offering decent income without the rollercoaster.

The market’s basically saying: we’re not panicking, but we’re not relaxing either.

How to play it: The short-to-intermediate part of the curve still feels like the “get paid to wait” zone. Keep long bonds as a small hedge, not a lifestyle choice.

Currencies: The dollar is on track for a sharp weekly drop, which is what happens when investors flirt with the “sell America” trade and geopolitical drama starts stepping on confidence.

The yen is doing its usual thing: wobbly, dramatic, and one sudden spike away from intervention rumors.

How to play it: Respect headline risk. If you’re exposed internationally, a softer dollar is a tailwind, but don’t fall in love with any move that can reverse on one press conference.

Commodities: Oil jumped hard as the U.S. turned up pressure on Iran with more sanctions and very loud military posture, while Kazakhstan supply is still messy.

Meanwhile, gold is flirting with $5,000 and silver just printed above $100, which tells you “safety demand” is not just a vibe, it’s an actual trade right now.

How to play it: Energy gets support from supply risk, but it’s headline-driven, so avoid going all-in on the most volatile names.

Precious metals still work as portfolio insurance, just don’t size them like you’re trying to start your own central bank.

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Key Indicators to Watch

  • Durable-Goods Orders (Mon, Jan. 26, 8:30 a.m. ET) - A pulse check on business spending and big-ticket demand. A strong number helps the “growth is fine” story, but can also keep rates from falling fast.

  • Consumer Confidence (Tue, Jan. 27, 10:00 a.m. ET) - This is the vibe meter for households. If it pops, risk assets breathe easier. If it slumps, defensive stocks start looking prettier.

  • FOMC Rate Decision (Wed, Jan. 28, 2:00 p.m. ET) - Rates are expected to hold, so the real action is the tone. Any hint of “cuts are coming” can lift stocks and gold. Any hint of “not so fast” can lift yields and slap the froth.

  • Powell Press Conference (Wed, Jan. 28, 2:30 p.m. ET) - This is where markets try to decode the Fed like it’s a true crime podcast. Watch how he talks about inflation progress, the labor market, and financial conditions.

  • Initial Jobless Claims (Thu, Jan. 29, 8:30 a.m. ET) - Still the cleanest weekly read on layoffs. Calm claims support the “cooling, not cracking” narrative. A surprise jump usually boosts bonds and hits cyclicals first.

Everything Else

  • November PCE inflation is back in the spotlight, giving rate-watchers fresh ammo ahead of the Fed.

  • Fitch is flagging credit risks tied to China’s property mess and the banks caught in the blast radius.

  • A Minneapolis shooting is colliding with shutdown politics, adding another layer of headline chaos to an already messy week.

  • January consumer sentiment gave a fresh read on how households are feeling as prices and jobs stay top of mind.

  • Canada’s central bank is in wait-and-see mode, with trade uncertainty sitting at the top of the risk list.

That’s it for today’s edition—thanks for reading! Reply to this email with any feedback or let me know which macro trends or markets you’d like me to cover next.

Best Regards,
—Noah Zelvis
Macro Notes