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- Mortgage Rates, Monster Jobs, and a Growth Forecast With Main Character Energy
Mortgage Rates, Monster Jobs, and a Growth Forecast With Main Character Energy
Jobs bounced, housing winced, and the White House is selling a sunnier future than most economists.
March brought a jobs rebound that looked a whole lot healthier on the surface than underneath.
Healthcare did most of the heavy lifting, mortgage demand got smacked by higher rates, and the White House rolled out a growth forecast that basically said trust us, it gets great from here.
This week is about sorting the bounce from the spin.

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The Big Picture
Energy Markets
Global Buyers Are Fighting Over U.S. Crude and Paying Up

U.S. crude is no longer just part of the global supply mix; it is becoming the fallback for the entire system.
Premiums for American oil have surged to record levels, with buyers in Asia and Europe bidding aggressively to secure shipments.
At one point, those premiums jumped to $30 to $40 per barrel for deliveries into Asia, an extraordinary markup that shows how tight global supply has become.
When multiple regions start competing for the same barrels, price stops being the only factor, and access becomes the real game.
Pricing Power Shifts West
This is a quiet but powerful shift. The U.S. is moving from being a large producer to becoming a marginal supplier, exerting pricing pressure globally.
When demand spikes elsewhere, it is American crude that fills the gap, giving it outsized influence.
But that influence comes with consequences. Higher premiums mean refiners overseas are operating at a loss to keep fuel flowing.
That pressure eventually feeds back into global fuel prices, tightening conditions everywhere, including back in the U.S.
The Cost of Being the Backup Plan
Here is the twist. Even as the U.S. benefits from strong demand for its crude, the same dynamic pushes global energy costs higher.
Shipping rates rise, refining margins compress, and fuel prices remain elevated longer than expected.
That creates a feedback loop where strong U.S. supply supports global markets, but also keeps inflation pressure alive through energy.
Being the world’s backup supplier sounds like a strength, but it also means absorbing the volatility that comes with it.

Supply Chains
America Is Tightening the One Thing China Still Cannot Replace

The next phase of the semiconductor fight is not about chips themselves; it is about the tools used to make them.
The U.S. is now pushing to restrict access to key chipmaking equipment, including older systems that were still flowing into China.
That matters because while advanced chips get the headlines, manufacturing tools are the real bottleneck. If you cannot build the chips, it does not matter how much demand exists.
By targeting equipment and even servicing, the restrictions move upstream to where the entire industry begins.
Supply Chains Are Being Redrawn in Real Time
This is bigger than one country or one company. The U.S. is trying to align allies and standardize restrictions to reduce workarounds through global suppliers.
That pulls companies across Europe and Asia deeper into the same policy framework.
The result is a supply chain that is no longer purely economic.
It is becoming strategic. Companies are now forced to choose markets, adjust revenue exposure, and rethink where future growth comes from as access becomes more controlled.
The Cost of Slowing One Player Down
Restricting tools does not just slow down China; it reshapes the global chip market.
Equipment makers lose a major customer base, production shifts geographically, and costs ripple through the entire ecosystem.
If access is limited, the response is to build internally, even if it is slower and more expensive.
That creates a world where semiconductor supply is less efficient but more fragmented, and where technology leadership is enforced through access rather than just innovation.

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Consumer Spending
The Hidden Tax Hitting Every American Business Just Got Bigger

Rising fuel prices are now working their way through the U.S. economy in real time. What starts at the pump does not stay there.
It moves into delivery fees, airline pricing, logistics, and eventually into the price of everyday goods and services.
Large companies are already adjusting.
Airlines are raising fees, major retailers are adding fuel surcharges, and transportation-heavy businesses are feeling the pressure immediately.
This is not a one-sector issue; it is a system-wide cost increase touching nearly every part of the economy.
Not Everyone Can Pass It On
Here is where it gets uneven. Big companies can raise prices or add fees. Smaller businesses do not always have that option.
Many are stuck absorbing higher fuel costs while trying to stay competitive, which quickly squeezes margins.
Fuel expenses that once made up a small portion of costs are now doubling for some businesses.
That kind of shift does not take long to show up in hiring decisions, expansion plans, and overall business confidence.
The Squeeze You Actually Feel
For consumers, this plays out in a familiar way.
Higher fuel costs act like a slow-moving tax. More money goes toward essentials like transportation and delivery, leaving less for discretionary spending.
That shift matters because consumer spending drives most of the U.S. economy. As budgets tighten, spending patterns change first, and growth follows.
This is how an energy shock turns into something broader, not overnight, but steadily enough that the impact becomes hard to ignore.

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Metrics to Watch
Jobs Rebound, but Check the Engine Light
March payrolls looked strong, but a big chunk came from healthcare and a weather-aided snapback in construction and leisure.
Watch whether hiring broadens out beyond the usual heroes or whether this stays a one-sector rescue missionParticipation Problem
The unemployment rate dipped, but partly because fewer people were looking for work.
Keep an eye on labor-force participation, because a lower jobless rate is less impressive when the crowd at the job fair gets smaller.Housing Rate Squeeze
Mortgage rates jumped back up, and refinance demand has fallen off a cliff over the past month.
Watch homebuyer activity, mortgage applications, and housing sentiment for signs that the spring market is losing its pulse.Growth Math vs. Reality Check
The Trump budget is projecting 3% plus growth for years, which is a lot more cheerful than most outside forecasts.
Listen for whether companies start sounding like they buy that story, or whether they keep talking like growth is fine but fragile.Healthcare Carrying the Whole Backpack
Healthcare keeps acting like the labor market’s designated hitter. If that sector cools off, the broader jobs picture could look a lot thinner very quickly.
Watch hospital hiring, social assistance, and any signs of weakness in the non-healthcare private sector.

Market Movers
🏥 Healthcare: The Economy’s MVP, Whether You Like It or Not
March jobs came in hot, but healthcare and social assistance did a lot of the lifting again.
That is good news if you own the steady eddies in that space, but it is also a reminder that the labor market is leaning hard on one leg. If that leg cramps, the whole story gets wobblier.
🏠 Housing: Spring Selling Season, Now with Extra Headwind
Rates pushed higher, refinance demand got flattened, and buyers are getting another affordability reminder they did not ask for.
That keeps pressure on homebuilders, mortgage lenders, and housing-linked retailers, even if lower rates earlier this year had briefly teased a better season.
📈 White House Growth Story: Bold, Glossy, and Still on Trial
The administration’s budget is pitching a much faster long-term growth path than most economists expect.
If investors buy it, cyclicals and pro-growth trades can keep catching a bid. If not, the market may treat it like a campaign trailer with no release date.
💼 Labor Market: Better Headline, Messier Under the Hood
A strong March print helps calm recession nerves for now, but the details were less clean than the headline suggested.
Participation fell, federal payrolls kept shrinking, and outside a few sectors the job machine still looks pretty sleepy. For markets, that means relief today, skepticism tomorrow.

Market Impacts
Equities: Futures are trying to perk up, but the market still looks like it flinches every time Iran or Trump grabs the mic.
Stocks have been bouncing on any hint of peace, then wobbling again when the war sounds like it could drag on. The message is pretty simple right now: oil is boss.
Stick with businesses that can handle pricier energy and still protect margins. Big quality tech, healthcare, and less fuel-sensitive names make more sense than going all-in on the moodiest cyclicals.
Bonds: Treasury yields eased a bit as traders cooled off from the latest oil panic, but nobody looks fully relaxed.
Strong jobless claims and a not-awful labor backdrop mean the Fed still does not have much reason to rush in with help.
If you want steadier footing, the short-to-middle part of the bond market still looks cleaner than reaching too far out.
Long bonds can work as protection, but they are still prone to getting smacked around when inflation fears wake back up.
Currencies: The dollar got its swagger back after Trump’s tougher Iran talk took some of the ceasefire hope out of the room.
That pushed traders back toward safety and knocked the euro and pound down a bit. For now, the dollar probably stays firm as long as the war feels unresolved and the Fed stays patient.
That favors keeping overseas exposure a little more selective instead of getting too cute with broad currency bets.
Commodities: Oil is still the headline act, and it is behaving like it had three espressos and bad news alerts on loop.
Even when prices dip on talk of monitoring ships or possible off-ramps, they snap right back if the conflict sounds like it will last longer. This still favors energy producers and refiners over businesses that get pinched by fuel costs.
Gold had a rough session because the stronger dollar and higher rate fears stole some of its shine.
It can still work as a small hedge, but right now it is not acting like a magic shield that fixes every scary headline.

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Key Indicators to Watch
ISM Services (Mon, 10:00 a.m. ET) - This is the pulse check on the biggest chunk of the economy.
If services still look sturdy, it helps calm nerves that high oil prices are already wrecking demand. If it slips more than expected, recession chatter gets louder fast.Durable Goods Orders (Tue, 8:30 a.m. ET) - A quick read on whether businesses are still spending on the big-ticket stuff or starting to duck for cover.
Weak orders would hint that confidence is fading and companies are turning cautious.Consumer Credit (Tue, 3:00 p.m. ET) - This is the credit-card and borrowing reality check. If borrowing keeps rising hard while gas and living costs stay high, it can hint that households are leaning more on plastic just to keep moving.
Fed Minutes (Wed, 2:00 p.m. ET) - This is where traders go digging for tone. The big question is whether officials sound merely patient or quietly more worried that inflation could stick around longer because of energy.
Initial Jobless Claims (Thu, 8:30 a.m. ET) - Still one of the cleanest weekly reads on the labor market.
Claims staying low would back the idea that the economy is slowing without cracking. A jump would get people rethinking that story in a hurry.

Everything Else
💼 Private hiring came in better than expected, which is encouraging, though nobody is exactly throwing a parade for 62,000 jobs.
⛽ Higher oil prices are starting to squeeze delivery apps, airlines, and shippers, which is a nice reminder that expensive energy loves to spread the pain around.
🏦 Traders are starting to think the Fed’s next move could actually be a hike instead of a cut, because nothing ruins a soft-landing vibe like inflation showing up again.
📊 U.S. job growth picked back up in March and the unemployment rate dipped to 4.3%, giving the labor market a sturdier look just as investors were getting jumpy.
🍁 Canada’s trade deficit widened to a six-month high in February, with gold imports doing some of the damage, which is one way for shiny things to get expensive fast.

That’s it for today’s edition—thanks for reading! Reply to this email with any feedback or let me know which macro trends or markets you’d like me to cover next.
Best Regards,
—Noah Zelvis
Macro Notes


